Though it is true that man is in despair, he need not remain there. There is an answer. One may respond, “I am not in despair. I have a family that I love, a job I enjoy and a life that is good.” For many, that is the case, they do “have it good.” However, many of these, when asked questions regarding the basis for such things as love, enjoyment and goodness, they cannot provide a basis for these because they also hold that life is a series of random chance, matter and complexity. There is no absolute right or wrong, good or bad. They have bought into the idea of a relativized truth. They are the same people who will say that it is important to determine what “truth is for you.”
If truth is simply what you make it out to be, you are, quite simply, in despair. There is no “goodness” except what has been determined “good” by society. There is no basis for love because there is no basis for personality. If life is merely randomness, chance, and matter, then from where does personality develop? The only logical conclusion is that it is an illusion, at best. The impersonal cannot develop the personal.
Sometimes it takes a dose of real world pain to shake us into the realization that without an infinite personality (it must be infinite or else there is still no basis for finite man to have personality), there is only despair even when we have a sense that all is well with the universe. On Sunday, for example, my pastor showed the picture to the left to our congregation. It is the heart-breaking photograph of a little, starving Sudanese girl doing all she can to make it to a nearby feeding station. On the way, she collapses from exhaustion as a vulture perches itself on a nearby rock, waiting for the opportunity for a meal. How could one see such a picture and not be moved deeply with a sense of injustice and brokenness that another human being could go through something such as this? Yet, where do those feelings of compassion and agony come from? Some would have us believe they are just a result of years of conditioning. I showed it to my five year old and he was near tears as he saw this little girl. He wanted to do something to help her. He hurt for her. This was not conditioning but rather something deep inside him that cried out, “This is wrong!” Not just something that was wrong for some, but universally wrong. The despair of man comes when he realizes that there are these universals but cannot understand why. He knows what he feels is real, yet is faced with a universe in which his feelings are meaningless(293). Again, he is living a dichotomy of what Schaeffer described as a two-story house.
This picture won Kevin Carter the Pulitzer Prize in 1994. Carter, a South African photojournalist who paid his own way to Sudan in order to document the atrocities that occured during the mid-90s, came face-to-face with the despair of man and didn't know what to do with it. Winning the prize launched Carter's career and gave him worldwide fame. The sky was the limit for this up-and-coming photographer. Inside, however was turmoil:
His picture of an emaciated girl collapsing on the way to a feeding centre, as a plump vulture lurked in the background, was published first in The New York Times and The Mail & Guardian, a Johannesburg weekly. The reaction to the picture was so strong that The New York Times published an unusual editor's note on the fate of the girl. Mr Carter said she resumed her trek to the feeding centre. He chased away the vulture.
Afterwards, he told an interviewer, he sat under a tree for a long time, "smoking cigarettes and crying". His father, Mr Jimmy Carter laid [sic] last night: "Kevin always carried around the horror of the work he did."
Just two months after winning this most prestigious award, Kevin Carter parked his vehicle near a river where he had played as a child, used a garden hose to funnel the fumes from the exhaust pipe into the cab of his red pick-up truck, and died. A note found next to him read, "I'm really, really sorry. The pain of life overrides the joy to the point that joy does not exist."
Kevin Carter experienced the reality of life apart from a unified answer to life, and it was more than he could bare. At the age of 33, Pulitzer Prize winning photographer Kevin Carter was dead.
Kevin's death is a tragedy. The situation of the little girl in the photo is tragic. What are we to do? Everything within us says the death of Kevin Carter is wrong. The little girl with nothing to eat is wrong. It should not be this way. This should not be allowed to happen. Where are the answers?
Francis Schaeffer points out that the answers start with man. Of course, man being finite, he cannot end with himself, but it starts there. We see these situations as tragic because we understand that man is significant. We don't hear of these types of events and brush them off as unimportant. Our reaction is different upon seeing a dead dog on the side of the road as opposed to finding a dead human being. Why? Because, though we may be saddened by the dead dog, we understand it is intrinsically different than the death of a human. The answer to why this is so is provided by no other philosophical system except the Judeo-Christian system.
Within the Judeo-Christian system of thought, man has been created in the image of an infinite-personal God. In He Is There and He Is Not Silent, Francis Schaeffer explains that man has meaning because of this fact. This is the only answer that gives reason for the personality of man. There is no way to derive personality from the impersonal. Schaeffer explains the reason man aspires for the reality of personality is because it is “in line with what was originally there and what has always been.” (283) He goes on to say, “Man's damnation today is that he can find no meaning for man, but if we begin with the personal beginning we have an absolutely opposite situation. We have the reality of the fact that personality does have meaning because it is not alienated from what has always been, and what is, and what always will be.” (283)
This answer is the only one that works. It is the only explanation for the reality that we experience every day. If this were not true, there would be no reason for Kevin Carter to have taken the images that he experienced while in Sudan so personally. He could have simply shrugged them off as nothing more significant than any number of dead animals one sees while driving down the road every day. Man would have no meaning. Kevin couldn't do it, though. Nor can you or I. Man is more and only the Christian answer provides the metaphysical reason why. Schaeffer put it this way:
There is only one philosophy, one religion, that fills this need in all the world's thought, whether the East, the West, the ancient, the modern, the new, the old. Only one fills the philosophical need of existence, of Being, and it is the Judeo-Christian God -- not just an abstract concept, but rather that this God is really there. He exists. There is not other answer....” (286)
It is this "God who is there”, Schaeffer says, that gives us the answers for both personality and also for unity and diversity. In man, we see personality, but we also see unity and diversity. Other philosophies may provide for any one of these problems of reality, but none give the necessary comprehensive answer. Naturalism, for example, provides for unity, but fails in the area of personality and diversity. In man, there is both unity and diversity. We are not the same. In the God of the Bible, there is a basis for personality, there is a basis for unity and there is a basis for diversity.
In Scripture, there are answers for these difficulties because we understand that man is special. We know this experientially, but we understand why as we read that he was made in the image of a real, live personal Being. We understand why there is so much pain in the world when we read that, though man was made in the image of God, that image was tarnished as man rebelled against God, leading to a real, historical fall of man. As a result, man is capable of doing deplorable things. Famines are possible, murder, hatred, any number of things we could name are a direct result of man's rebellion against God; of man going his own way, doing what is right in his own eyes, and denying the existence of the only basis that provides a unified answer to right and wrong, good and bad. Through man's effort to find these answers apart from God, he has discovered that he is dead. He is without meaning and he is without ultimate hope. He knows this experientially, if he is honest with himself. All is futile. Man knows this and the Bible describes it.
However, there is a unified answer and there is a hope. Christianity and only Christianity provides not only the explanation for such things man experiences, but also provides a basis for hope beyond the experiences. Though man is dead, he can be made alive again. Schaeffer explains that with the Christian answer, four things immediately emerge (298-300):
We can explain that man is now cruel, without God being a bad God. We understand that the situation is not that a bad god created bad people and that they are now as they have always been. We now have a good God who created man in his image. This man openly rebelled against God and is now capable of great cruelty.
- There is hope of a solution for this moral problem which is not intrinsic to the 'mannishness' of man – if that is what man always has been – then there is no hope of a solution. It is in this setting that the substitutionary, propitiatory death of Christ ceases to be an incomprehensible concept....[It] now has meaning....We can have the hope of a solution concerning man if man is abnormal now.
On this basis we can have an adequate ground for fighting evil, including social evil and social injustice. In other words, modern man without God has no basis for fighting evil because without an infinite, absolute law-giver, the word evil has no meaning. Schaeffer says, however, that “the Christian can fight evil without fighting God.” This is on the realization that God neither created nor endorsed evil and, therefore, to fight evil is to fight against that which God hates.
We can have real morals and moral absolutes, for now God is absolutely good. There is the total exclusion of evil from God. God's character is the moral absolute of the universe....It is not that there is a moral absolute behind God that binds man and God, because that which is farthest back is always finally God. Rather, it is God Himself and His character who is the moral absolute of the universe.
So, there is a reason for right and for wrong, for love and for hate, for good and for bad. There is a reason man feels hopeless in regards to the future, but through the provision the Bible speaks of, there is hope of redemption. Through the death and resurrection of Christ, the punishment (which is separation from God through man's decision to rebel) was taken upon God Himself, and man can, again, find himself in relation to that which always has been; the One in whose image he was made and the One who provides both the answers to life and the hope for the joy Kevin Carter tragically could not find in the midst of his pain.
Man may be dead, but he can live again.
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Schaeffer, Francis. The Francis A. Schaeffer Trilogy. Wheaton: Crossway Books, 1990.
Labels: David C. Price